Food Insecurity The Lack Of Access For Enough Food For...

Brittany Errington 08-12-2015 GPH 722 Research Paper What is it? Food insecurity is defined as â€Å"the lack of access to enough food to ensure adequate nutrition.†1 The Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service (ERS) reported that 14.6% of US households were food insecure during at least some portion of 2008 (up 11.1% from 2007), the highest levels recorded since monitoring began in 1995.2 Food insecurity is a concern of under consumption and obesity is a disease of over consumption, yet both outcomes may coexist, seemingly incongruously, within the same household.2 The most popular explanation is that low-cost, energy-dense foods linked to obesity are favored by financially constrained households, who are the most likely to be food insecure.2 Another theory, focusing on environmental context net of individual circumstance, argues that obesity and insecurity are both symptoms of malnutrition, occurring in neighborhoods where nutritious foods are unavailable or unaffordable.2 A separate literature researches environmenta l roles in poor nutritional outcomes, recent studies link obesity as well as atherosclerosis and diabetes to the food environment, the local context of available food items.2 The theory is that local inaccessibility to healthy foods influences diet composition, a claim supported by evidence.2 Especially in poorer neighborhoods, food options are often limited to fast food restaurants, convenience stores, or grocery stores more poorly stocked both inShow MoreRelatedFood Insecurity Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesFood Insecurity Nutrition is important for healthy life. 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Essay about History At Its Best - 1616 Words

The modern era stands out as a time of great change. Throughout history, it is undoubtedly the period of time in which the most advancement has occurred in society, in the shortest amount of time. The three books, The Interesting Narrative, by Olaudah Equiano, Victors and Vanquished, by Stuart B. Schwartz, and A Social Contract, by Jean-Jeacques Rousseau, each provide a view of the modern era in their own individual ways. Olaudah Equianos account of his life as a slave is directed at the problem of slavery. Stuart B. Schwartz Victors and Vanquished, provides a collection of personal accounts about the conquest of Mexico under the command of Hernando Cortes. Lastly, Rousseaus, A Social Contract, expounds upon the problems that†¦show more content†¦Olaudahs writing includes his own take on slavery, and in the conclusion of his book, he reveals his appeal to the public in order to end slavery. He argues on several bases which would appeal to the public of modern society. He giv es them the account of slaverys horrors, and then takes on moral, economical, religious, and lawful standpoints, in order to persuade the public that slavery is an ill to society, especially in a time of positive growth. Olaudah wrote a revised introduction to his readers, Pumarejo 3 stating that his purpose, or rather the purpose of his book, is to, be the means, in its measure, of showing the enormous cruelties practiced on my sable brethren, and strengthening the genuine emulation now prevailing in this country, to put a speedy end to a traffic both cruel and unjust. (Equiano 1745, 5) This is written after the books first release, and shows the purpose of his writing, referring to the effect it has had on the fight for slaverys abolishment. In his writings, Olaudah challenges the practice of slavery by an appeal to the senses. His story is obviously one of horror, and through telling it he hopes that the readers will evoke in themselves compassion towards his calling. 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English Belongs to Everyone free essay sample

Do you change the way you use language in different situations? Write about how your use of language changes and why? Changing my spoken language seems to be an everyday occurrence for me in my job field of working with children. Many situations arise in my job that leaves me in situations in which I need to speak differently to different clients so they have a better understanding of what I am talking about. Many of the clients that I work with have been taught to speak improperly since the day they were born. They have been conditioned to mispronounce words and use horrible grammar. We have clients from all over the state and while they were all raised in different communities and situations, they have one thing in common, they all seem to have been neglected to be given the chance to speak properly. It is my job to help them succeed in the world and to me that starts with communication. We will write a custom essay sample on English Belongs to Everyone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I try to help them by teaching them the proper ways to say some words by spelling them out and repeating it back to them. It’s not easy for them to hear the difference in the sounds of the letters. So I just continue to correct them and try to recondition the way they speak. I, by no means, am a great speaker, great at pronunciation or even good at using proper grammar myself and catch myself speaking improperly at times. The kids are quick to correct me at these times and these are the times that I realize how much they really do pay attention. This is the rewarding part of the job. Sometimes while talking to a client I think of how I use to be them when language is involved. I grew up in the inner city and for most of my childhood I spoke quickly and poorly. It wasn’t until I moved out of that environment that I noticed how ignorant I was to the spoken language. Every day is a learning experience as I try to improve my written and spoken language by reading, writing and speaking. Looking up words with the kids at work is now more of a game than an educational experience. The kids seem to excel and expand their vocabulary without even knowing it-and so do I.

What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society Essay Example

What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society Essay What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society? Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society? Within globalized societies, the main agenda is the expansion of the actual liberties that people enjoy. Literacy is one of the instruments that most people use in the expression of freedom. The use of written communication in today’s world follows economic and socio-political systems as well as operations at domestic, national and global heights. Literacy provides institutions and other individuals with opportunities for learning new elements. The wide variety of literacy methods and practices used by people and communities in different contexts display the randomness through which literacy is acquired or used. Firstly, the more scholars study the process through which literacy is set in, the better the chances of the global community to view literacy as an actual instrument of freedom. Literacy bears many qualities of freedom as it is embedded in social relationships and change. Contributions on literacy by Amartya Sen analyze the value of literacy in pursuing opportunities as a means of maximizing freedoms. According to Sen, developed societies may have the freedom to decide and follow the lifestyle that people deem as valuable (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 214). In such situations, the individual’s actions are shaped by the environment and they determine the social context (Robinson-Pant 2003, p. 355). Secondly, negative aspects of denial of freedom such as child mortality, insecurity and unemployment are created and shaped by the society. Sen states that different communities possess different freedoms and consequently, different limits for organizing social transformation (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 217). Freedom forms the foundation for development within a society. According to Sen, a social structure such as the state are qualified subjects for studying freedom and links it to support for expanding people’s freedoms. The need for this support cannot be any clearer than in literacy. Lack of literacy illustrates a lack of freedom or as Sen puts it â€Å"unfreedom† (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 232). In addition, the fast pace of globalization in an already largely literate society exists amid 700 million individuals who lack the information to improve their lives, and play an increased role in politics and economic activities. Literacy carries certain advantages from political to economic. This is because acquisition of literacy improves an individual’s confidence and sense of worth. Such knowledge provides a way to increased civic participation with better knowledge on family planning and education matters. Data on literacy is however difficult to obtain as very little research has been done on the subject (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 223). Based on the latest researches, most reports place the number of illiterate adults at 774 million. That represents about 18% of the total world adult population. The majority of adults with little or no literacy are situated in sub-Saharan Africa, South and West Asia and the Pacific. In terms of gender, women represent about 64% of the total illiterate population (Horsman 2005, p. 167). Most of this percentage of the illiterate population resides in fifteen countries. South Asia has the lowest literacy levels mainly because of Bangladesh and Pakistan that have 47% and 50% respectively. Lower literacy levels are synonymous with low poverty levels. An example is in Ethiopia, Bangladesh and India where over 80% of the population lives below $2 a day. In these societies, the literacy levels are below 63% and the number of illiterate individuals stands at about 4 million people (Horsman 2005, p. 168). Literacy levels also tend to be lower in rural areas, among indigenous people and minorities. EFA goals currently set the bar for countries to achieve a 50% increase in adult literacy levels before 2015 particularly for women. These standards were unachievable, as some countries have already achieved over 60% literacy levels (Agnaou 2004, p. 123). Contemporary assessments of literacy do not encapsulate the political and academic debates that have occurred in the recent past. The definition of literacy has however grown to include human resource skills and socio-cultural as well as political change. From the 1960s, functional literacy developed alongside social change as a tool of development and consequently, development (Rajak 2007, p. 123). In addition, certain freedoms are realized from literacy in a direct manner while others are benefits accrued because of literacy within the society. Basic political rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of action and freedom of life are given by the mere acknowledgement of literacy. The slave owners in South America convinced legislators to prohibit slaves from reading. Islam societies similarly treat their women as virtual slaves as they are banned from attending school to keep them ignorant and illiterate. These two instances of denying certain sections of the society the privilege of a proper education signify the power of literacy. For an individual to be able to enjoy their individual freedoms they have to be able to read (Hung, Yoong, Brown 2012, p. 27). Intellectual empowerment is the starting point for individual freedom. Scholars have proved there is a direct relation between literacy, prosperity and improved living standards. These capabilities accrued from literacy such as increased incomes, civil liberties and health are assumed the means through which an individual can achieve certain freedoms. This argument is slightly different from the conventional one that claims that education and health are the means to achieving the final product that is income. According to Sen, income is just but one aspect that combines with other aspects to provide an individual and society with greater freedom (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 229). The use of literacy however depends on the society and the context in which it used (Juceviciene, Merkys Reinert 2002, p. 134). Particular countries such as China, South Korea and Taiwan have made great economic and political achievements that have translated into increased freedoms for their citizens. The rationale given behind their rapid economic development might be given as strategic exploitation of the global economy. However, basic education has played a major role in these developments. The case of China was particularly helped by its increased investment in the education sector. Under Mao Tse-tung, the basic education policies that were adopted in China made the country have an upper hand in benefiting from the global economy. Education, in this case, expanded the capabilities of the Chinese people that results in various types of rewards (Eisenberg, Lowe Spitzer 2004, p. 232). When people are illiterate, they are less likely to comprehend their legal rights and to protect them when required. This serves as a major setback in a scenario where on e party violates the rights of others. This problem mainly affects the poor populations as their rights are often violated due to a high level of illiteracy. As was mentioned earlier, women are more affected by illiteracy and as a result, they enjoy fewer freedoms. Women nit being able to read or write exposes them to violation in property rights and expression of other freedoms as they are unfairly treated. Implementing a strong sense of law within the society will not be beneficial, as people cannot take advantage of the laws if they cannot read them (Horsman 2005, p. 97). Illiteracy can lead to denial of political freedoms within a society. The reverse is true in more developed communities such as those in North America and parts of Europe. Literacy provides the members of a society with the opportunity to exercise their political rights such as voting in area representatives or providing opinion on policies. Literacy gives an individual the ability to decipher political jargon and at the same time, deliver politically relevant declarations. This is very important in the expression of demands to the state. Political freedoms are by far the most abused in countries having the highest rates of illiteracy. In such countries, the inequality in distribution of resources by the government leads to poverty in certain areas followed by illiteracy that completes the circle of muffled freedoms (Brayman Hackel Kelly 2008, p. 175). Studies done by Sen elaborate on different aspects of human security as part of the freedoms enjoyed in globalized societies. According to Sen, human security is achieved when the voice of the citizen is strengthened through increased literacy (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 237). An instance of food insecurity as suppression of the right to food and a denial of the freedom of choice on what to consume as an individual and a society will suffice to elaborate the relationship between literacy, political expression and realization of freedoms. Within established democracies, cases of food shortages are not recorded as people in these states are give political voice. This is because criticism of the failed government channeled by the free press will force the government to act swiftly to mitigate the effects of food shortage (Agnaou 2004, p. 121). Finally, the development of women and girls in most underdeveloped countries has been pegged on their ability to maintain autonomous incomes, possess ownership rights, literate and education. Literacy is solely responsible for the empowerment of women across the world. Although all these factors affecting women may seem diverse and unrelated, they cumulatively combine to suppress women’s freedoms. Social problems such as overpopulation have been found to reduce or even disappear because of an increase in literacy and education among women. In conclusion, literacy has had an important role in shaping some of the major events in the world that have later benefited the societies that embraced it. Literacy has played a major role in colonialism as it was considered the channel through which civilization could be spread within Asia and Africa. Among Christians and British soldiers in Uganda for example, the ability to read was assumed to bring about other skills such as reflection and increased reasoning (Daniell Mortensen 2007, p. 187). After independence, literacy also played a big role in building the new nations. Literacy was seen as an underlying factor to modernization that would ensure increased freedoms for the citizens. Literacy can also be considered as a form of power. To the illiterate person living in abject poverty, gaining literacy and education presents them with limitless power to transform their immediate surroundings. References Agnaou, F 2004, Gender, literacy, and empowerment in Morocco, Routledge, New York. Brayman Hackel, H Kelly, CE 2008, Reading women: Literacy, authorship, and culture in the Atlantic world, 1500-1800, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Daniell, B Mortensen, P 2007, Women and literacy: Local and global inquiries for a new century, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York. Eisenberg, MB, Lowe, CA Spitzer, KL 2004, Information Literacy: Essential Skills for the. Information Age, Libraries Unlimited, Westport. Horsman, J 2005, Too scared to learn women, violence, and education, McGilligan Books/Mahwah, Toronto. Hung, AJ, Yoong, J Brown, E 2012, â€Å"Empowering. Women Through Financial Awareness and Education†, OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions, no. 14, OECD Publishing, pp. 1-42. Juceviciene, P, Merkys, G, Reinert, GB 2002, Towards the Learning Society: Educational Issues. Lang, Frankfurt. Rajak, MP 2007, Literacy for equality and empowerment of women, Man and Life, vol. 33, no, 4, pp. 121-124. Raley, Y Preyer, G, 2010, Philosophy of education in the era of globalization, Routledge, New York. Robinson-Pant, A 2000, ‘Women and literacy: a Nepal Perspective’, International Journal of Educational Development, Vol. 20, pp 349-364.

Evaluating the Purpose and Effectiveness of Juvenile Probation free essay sample

Evaluating the Purpose and Effectiveness of Juvenile Probation Matthew Wilson Juvenile Justice 113 06/13/2011 The effectiveness of juvenile today can be categorized into several things like with the specific programs that are offered to juvenile offenders and the different level of crime that they commit from a simple misdemeanor to a severe felony. This essay is going to talk about the different types of probation programs, the purpose of juvenile probation, and if they are effective or not. Although, I am going to only list a few today there are more out there that I am not going to talk about today. According to Georgia Courts (USlegal. com, 2011) the purpose of juvenile probation is to give a form of a sentencing to young juveniles so they do not have to leave their own community. However, the courts can put certain stipulations on the juvenile to where they may have a curfew, where they have to report to their probation officer on a certain day in the month, attend classes on a regular basis, and most importantly staying out of any kind of trouble. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating the Purpose and Effectiveness of Juvenile Probation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the first article that I read from journal of Juvenile Probation System on the Eve of the new Millennium for Federal Courts (Corbett J. P. 1999) is that it talks about the three main types of juvenile probation. The first which would be dealing with the traditional approach to probation. Traditional probation deals with the simple way to handle probation these cases are usually simple offenses committed by the juvenile. Cases like this range from a simple underage drinking charge to a small gang affiliation charge. The first step in this process would be that the courts would assign a probation officer to them and their certain case. The courts can set how many times a month the youth offender has to see his or her probation officer. They can also set what types of restrictions that the youth will have to abide to or else he or she may have to have other penalties that again the court sets will set for them. In these cases restrictions may but do not all ways include punishments like curfews, urine drug tests, or community service. If the youth offender has a more serious charge against them they may face the second type of probation intensive supervision probation. Intensive supervision probation was intended for the more serious offender that would provide an alternative to being incarcerated, but still olding the youth responsible for his actions by putting him or her on high supervision all the time. This probation type is for the offenders who commit more serious offenses like armed robbery or murder of more than one person. This makes the youth offender have to attend more meetings with their probation officer. Instead of once a month meeting he or she might have to meet with their probation once a week. Al ong with meeting their officer more the courts set tougher guidelines that the youth will have to follow like not being able to leave home outside of school. The third and final probation that is effective in today’s society would be the method of Juvenile Boot Camps the high risk violent offenders. Juvenile Boot Camps are intended for the worst offenders that commit violent crimes like again murder. Juvenile boot camps emphasize strong discipline, modeled on military programs, and a strict physical conditioning regimen. The typical program is aimed at non-violent offenders, and involves a 3-month commitment followed by after-care (Peterson, 1996). Boot camps teach the offender that he or she is there for one reason and that they are not there by choice. The camps teach them that there is a life outside of crime. Also, it teaches the young juvenile order and discipline in life. When the offender returns back to society it is the hope that they will continue to do the right things in life. This is not quit an effective way for probation since it is expensive to house the offender. Another reason why this way is not an effective way in the probation system is since after the juvenile returns back to society the boot camp has now control of who the juvenile hangs out with. They may end up hanging out with the same crowd that they did before. In the second journal that I read Evaluating Practice involved the study of two types of variables the independent variable and dependent variable on why and why the juvenile probation is and is not effective. The first thing that this journal brings up is the independent variable. â€Å"The independent variable in this study was the use of single-case design as a factor affecting treatment outcome. The experimental group received psychosocial intervention and evaluation, by single-case design, and the control group received psychosocial intervention only. † (Slonim-Nevo, V. , Anson, Y. 1998). The dependent variables goes a little more in death with several variables like, self-esteem, relations with pees, mother and father along with juvenile interactions, anger, and level of functioning in recent months. They all tie in one way or another. This tells the courts if the juvenile is able to be on probation or not. When I compare the two journals they both pretty much reach the same conclusion that the probation system is effective,. The ways that they are the same is that they both deal with ways that a juvenile can face and what they could go into if the court ordered it. They ways that they are different is the first journal talks about the different types of juvenile probation that a youth can face if the court ordered it. The second journal talks about the independent and dependent variables of why each certain role can play either a negative positive outcome in the way the juvenile acts in life and where they are places for probation. References Juvenile Probation Law and Legal Defenition. (nd). Retrieved June 13, 2011, from http://definitions. uslegal. com/j/juvenile-probation/ Juvenile Courts. (nd). Retrieved June 13, 2011, from http://www. eorgiacourts. org/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=169Itemid=0http://www. georgiacourts. org/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=169Itemid=0 Slonim-Nevo, V. , Anson, Y. (1998). Evaluating practice: Does it improve treatment outcome?. Social Work Research, 22(2), 66. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Corbett, J. P. (1999). Juvenile Probation on the Eve of the Next Millennium. Federal Probation, 6 3(2), 78. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Merriam Webster Definition Probation. (nd). Retrieved June 13, 2011, from merriam-webster. com

Accupuncture essays

Accupuncture essays Imagine having crippling back pain as you arise out of bed every morning, or sharp pains in your shoulders and knees that no longer allow you to perform up to your actual ability. Whether it is in athletics, at work, or even just through out your daily life these problems can hinder you from being able to perform at your best. Imagine a therapy that can cure these physical disabilities, relieve stress, and put an end to depression. Acupuncture is an alternative means of therapy that can do just that. People use acupuncture for many different bodily illnesses, mental illnesses, and addiction problems. One expert states that it can be performed in numerous ways including using heat, pressure, friction, suction, and sending impulses of electromagnetic energy to specific anatomic points in the body, but most commonly performed using needles. (Cook, 1999) Today there are many options when choosing an approach for improved health and health care. Not only are we making intense progress in modern medicines, but also the use of alternative medicines is widely increasing. One form of alternative medicine that is widely used today is acupuncture. Acupuncture has been a complete system of treatment for at least two thousand years. First documented in ancient China, acupuncture over the past two thousand years, has continued to evolve and develop. Along with the growing use of this alternative form of treatment, more people in the western culture must be informed of the many benefits that can be received with this type of therapy. More people must know their current options in todays medicine. Acupuncture is an ancient form of healing that has proven safe and effective in treating a variety of conditions. Many people are unaware of what acupuncture really is. According to J.M. Helms (2001), Acupuncture is a method of encouraging the body to promote natural healing and improve functioning. This is done by inserting needles an...

A study of Relationship Among Visitor's Experience, Travelling Dissertation

A study of Relationship Among Visitor's Experience, Travelling Motivation, Destination Image, Service Quality, Satisfaction an - Dissertation Example Hence, it has become a great concern for parents to spend quality time with their children and undertake meaningful cooperative activities. In addition, proper leisure time management and conveniences of air and sea transport, family tours have become more popular in recent times. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, WTTC, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation and APEC data, tourism travelling encompasses activities such as restaurants, leisure entertainment, transportation, accommodation and travelling service, implying that tourism is indeed made up of big enterprises, which bring about a lot of economic effects (Kotler & Keller, 2011) Evidently, in modern times, people spend quite huge portions of their income and time traveling to destination and undertake activities such as sightseeing with their preschool age children, whose parents always take to theme parks around the world. According to World Travel and Tourism Council’s 2013 Annual Statistical Repost on Tou rism, the average number of trips per person during the year 2012 was 5.12, an increase of 0.66 trips from the 4.46 average of 2011 and 2012 respectively (Kotler & Keller, 2011 ). ... inment, education, unanticipated and happy whole-family experiences for children, parents and grandparents, which make entire families to have a good time at the park. In addition, Janfusun Fancyworld’s establishment, history, environment and activities therein also offer unique services for each person and for each special festival such as Halloween, Christmas, New Year, Father’s Day, Mother’s Day and Easter Day among other holidays and occasions. These are some of the reasons parents, preschool children and other members of families opt for Janfusun Fancyworld as their first-choice destination. In addition to these factors, the rapid increase in internet accessibility and use and emerging marketing concepts and applications have, consumer-oriented and customer-centered markets have also worked in favour Janfusun Fancyworld. To this effect, Janfusun Fancyworld, places emphasis on customer experience, customer value and satisfaction and high quality in its market ing strategies. Janfusun Fancyworld has also exploited the current advances in information technology to improve on creativity, aesthetics, sensibility, intellectuality and participative entertainment and recreational activities. Like other tourism destinations, Janfusun Fancyworld must prioritise strategies to establish and retain consumer satisfaction through quality and diverse services since a thorough understanding of customer service provision and satisfaction have profound effects on consumers’ perceptions on quality, value and satisfaction level is rather integral to modern tourism. Customers’ satisfaction and their intention to revisit are perhaps the most important cornerstones in the tourism industry that any tourist destination intending to remain viable ought not to overlook (Peppers &